ATIMA

ATIMA is a program developed at GSI which calculates various physical quantities characterizing the slowing-down of protons and heavy ions in matter for specific kinetic energies ranging from 1 keV/u to 450 GeV/u such as

The program was written by Hans Geissel, Christoph Scheidenberger, Peter Malzacher, Jörg Kunzendorf and Helmut Weick.

ATIMA is available on LINUX at GSI
/u/weick/JavaAtima
This can also be obtained for installation on your LINUX-PC, download
Manual for using the Java shell program.

Note: ATIMA can be started from any directory. However, when ATIMA is invoked for the first time, it is recommended to create a new directory named e. g. atima and to invoke ATIMA from this directory. In case the output shall be saved on a file, it will be written on a new subdirectory atima.output, which will be created automatically.

ATIMA has been implemented into the program LISE providing a WINDOWS version,
and there is a WWW interface to the precalculated ATIMA energy-loss table for Zt=1-92.

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References:

Unfortunately there is no article where the name ATIMA is mentioned but there are a number of articles where the predicted values are tested and confirmed and a series of others describing the method of calculation.

Calculation:

Above 30 MeV/u the stopping power is obtained from the theory by Lindhard and Soerensen (LS) [1] including the following corrections: the shell corrections [2], a Barkas term [3, 4] and the Fermi-density effect [5]. The projectiles are treated as ions with the size of the nucleus with a mean charge according to ref. [6]. Below 10 MeV/u an older version of Ziegler's SRIM [7] is used. In the intermediate energy range we interpolate between the two. The LS theory differs substantially for ions with high Z from the Bethe formula [8] it also considers the nuclear size effect for very relativistic ions.

Energy-loss straggling comes also from the LS-theory above 30 MeV/u. Below 10 MeV/u the theory of Firsov [9] and Hvelplund [10] is used.

Experiment:

Before the LS theory was established the significant differences in stopping-power and energy-loss straggling were observed [11,12] with the FRS at GSI. A more detailed discussion of the results one can find in refs. [13, 14]. Finally, a review article [15] combines all previous obtained results and even new data.
The effects of charge-exchange straggling [16, 17] and more detailed charge dependence of dE/dx [18] were observed but are not yet included in ATIMA.

[1]    J. Lindhard, A.H. Soerensen, Phys. Rev. A53 (1996) 2443.
[2]    W.H. Barkas, M.J. Berger, NASA Report SP-3013 (1964).
[3]    J.D. Jackson, R.L. McCarthy, Phys. Rev. B6 (1972) 4131.
[4]    J. Lindhard, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 132 (1976) 1.
[5]    R.M. Sternheimer and R.F. Peierls, Phys. Rev. B3 (1971) 3681.
[6]    T.E. Pierce, M. Blann, Phys. Rev. 173 (1968) 390.
[7]    J.F. Ziegler, J.B. Biersack, U. Littmark, The Stopping and Range of Ions in
         Solids, Vol.1, Pergamon Press (1985).   
[8]    H. Bethe, Z. Phys. 76 (1932) 293.
[9]    O.B. Firsov, Sov. Phys. JETP 5 (1957) 1192.
[10]   P. Hvelplund, Dan. Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 38 no.4 (1971).
[11]    C. Scheidenberger et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 50.
[12]    C. Scheidenberger et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 3987.
[13]    H. Geissel, C. Scheidenberger, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B136 (1998) 114.
[14]    C. Scheidenberger, H. Geissel, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B135 (1998) 25.
[15]    H. Geissel et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth.  B195 (2002) 3.
[16]    H. Weick et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 2725.
[17]    H. Weick, A.H. Soerensen et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 193 (2002) 1.
[18]    H. Weick et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth.  B 164/165 (2000) 168.

 

Please report your suggestions for improvements, problems and errors via electronic mail to either h.geissel, h.weick or c.scheidenberger all @gsi.de

This page was written by Dr. Helmut Weick, 19th July. 2011, contact h.weick(at)gsi.de,  Impressum